Journal of Environmental and Energy Economics
Journal of Environmental and Energy Economics (ISSN: 3079-6938) publishes original research papers that shed light on the interaction between the utilization of energy and the environment, as well as the economic aspects involved with this utilization. Frequency: Semiannual ISSN: 3079-6938 Access: Open Publication Charges: Click here Quick Submission: CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT
Determinants of CO2 Emissions in Belt and Road Initiative Countries: Evidence from Panel models
This study investigates the determinants of CO2 emissions in 146 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries over the period 1990–2023 using a comprehensive panel data framework. The analysis examines the effects of economic growth, population, fossil fuel energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental degradation. To ensure robustness and address issues of unobserved heterogeneity, endogeneity, and dynamic persistence, the study employs pooled OLS, fixed effects, first-difference, and System GMM estimators. The empirical results show that population growth, fossil fuel energy consumption, and FDI consistently increase CO2 emissions across all model specifications. In contrast, renewable energy consumption significantly reduces emissions, highlighting its role in promoting environmental sustainability. The relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions is found to be non-linear, supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, where the impact of economic growth on emissions varies across development stages. The findings suggest that environmental degradation in BRI countries is primarily driven by demographic pressure, carbon-intensive energy use, and foreign investment patterns, while renewable energy adoption plays a mitigating role. Policy implications emphasize the need to accelerate the transition toward clean energy, improve environmental regulation of FDI, and promote sustainable development strategies in rapidly growing economies.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Petroleum Revenue Governance, Environmental Sustainability and Economic Stability in Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Stakeholder Assessment
Petroleum revenue remains central to Nigeria's economy, yet concerns persist regarding its management and implications for environmental sustainability and economic stability. This study examined the relationship between petroleum revenue governance, environmental outcomes, and macroeconomic performance in Nigeria using a convergent mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were obtained from 435 stakeholders across major geopolitical zones, while 45 key informant interviews provided qualitative insights. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and thematic analysis were employed. Findings revealed that weaknesses in transparency, accountability, and institutional governance contribute significantly to fiscal instability, inflationary pressures, environmental degradation, gas flaring, and oil spill incidents. Regression results indicated that petroleum revenue governance significantly influences GDP per capita growth (β = 0.38, p < 0.01) and inflation (β = 0.27, p < 0.05). Qualitative evidence further highlighted persistent concerns regarding corruption, weak oversight mechanisms, and inadequate environmental monitoring. The study concludes that strengthening petroleum revenue governance, institutional accountability, and environmental management systems is essential for achieving sustainable development and long-term economic resilience in Nigeria.
Electricity Access, Electricity Consumption, and Economic Performance in Sierra Leone: Evidence from an ARDL Bounds and Error-Correction Framework (2000–2024)
Electricity access is key to Sierra Leone’s development strategy, yet persistent reliability, affordability, and utility-finance constraints raise concern that more connections may not lead to productive electricity use. This study examines whether electricity access and electricity consumption are associated with economic performance in Sierra Leone, and distinguishing between long-run equilibrium effects and short-run adjustment dynamics. Using annual time-series data for 2000–2024, the paper estimates an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, applies the bounds test for cointegration, and derives an unrestricted error-correction model (UECM). The bounds test confirms a stable long-run relationship among GDP per capita, electricity access, electricity consumption, investment, trade openness, and inflation (F-statistic = 5.07). Long-run estimates show that electricity access has a positive elasticity (0.0718), while electricity consumption per capita is economically negligible (-0.0008). Investment is strongly positive (0.2195). The error-correction term is negative (-0.393), implying that about 39% of disequilibrium is corrected within one year. The findings suggest that Sierra Leone’s growth payoff from electrification depends less on expanding connections alone and more on improving reliability, reducing losses, strengthening sector governance, and promoting productive electricity use.
Littering as Environmental Incivility: Socio-Economic Interactions in Urban Communities in Nigeria
In recent decades, littering has evolved from a primarily aesthetic and environmental concern into a significant ecological and economic challenge with implications for public expenditure, urban environmental quality, and regulatory effectiveness. This study conceptualizes littering as a form of environmental incivility and examines its influence on individuals’ anticipation of incivilities and perception of crime prevalence, situating the analysis within the broader framework of ecological and environmental economics. This study also investigates how social characteristics (age, gender and level of education) and economic factors (type of economic activities, occupational status and average monthly income) interact with littering behaviour and show wider socio-economic consequences. Using a correlational research design, data were collected from 600 respondents across Akinyele and Ibadan North Local Government Areas of Oyo State. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to estimate the relationships among key constructs. The findings reveal significant interaction effects between socio economic variables and littering and demonstrate that increased presence of litter is associated with higher perceptions of crime prevalence, suggesting indirect economic costs related to public health risks, environmental degradation, and urban service provision. The results highlight the inefficiencies arising from weak environmental regulation and inadequate waste management infrastructure. The study recommends targeted public investment in waste management facilities, strengthened environmental institutions, and behavior oriented regulatory interventions as cost effective policy measures for mitigating environmental incivility and improving urban environmental outcomes.
Energy Consumption, Maritime Trade and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Nigeria
Although Nigeria’s maritime trade and energy demand is on the rise, the empirical nature of the relationship between energy consumption, maritime trade and economic growth is yet to be determined. Current literature is predominantly based on developed economies or considers these variables separately and ignores the structural and energy peculiarities of Nigeria. This loophole restricts evidence-based policy making to sustainable maritime and economic growth. Hence, an in-depth empirical study is needed to comprehend the dynamics of the effect of energy consumption together with maritime trade on the economic growth in Nigeria. This study therefore explored the nexus between maritime trade, energy consumption and economic growth in Nigeria. Time series data between the year 1990 and 2023 was used in the study. Analysis of the relationships between the variables in the study was done using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) technique. The study findings indicated that the VAR model predicts the most significant determinant of each variable as its one period lag value. The Impact Response Function and forecast error variance decomposition revealed that the energy consumption of fossil source, electricity power consumption, and maritime trade has a positive impact on economic growth in the long run and short run. The study concluded that energy consumption and maritime trade are crucial for economic growth. The study therefore recommended that government should invest more in the energy infrastructure, production of hydro energy especially small and medium hydro power plants, government also needs to enhance the capacity and competitiveness of the maritime trade by modernizing the seaports.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Unfolding the Role of Economic Variables on SDGs and Ecological Footprint in SAARC Economies since 2000-2021
The paper describes the importance of overall score of sustainable development goals (SDG) and mitigation of ecological footprint in SAARC economies the basis of real variables. Adoption of renewable energy for independence on energy needs, economic growth and consideration of the globalization for sustainability plays a crucial role on SAARC economies. Moreover, some prior work has also examined this issue, but the focus was more on the ecological footprint as an indicator of sustainability of the economy. This study examines the two key elements of the works in this area. Firstly, ecological footprint and secondly, overall score of sustainable development goals as impacted by renewable energy consumption, economic growth and globalization in SAARC economies from 2000 to 2021. Use of advanced econometric approaches, namely Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), and Driscoll-Kraay estimators, are used to handle the heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence which are common in panel data in order to guarantee error free results. The most significant observations of this study are: Firstly, renewable energy consumption have double-edged causation on ecological footprint and overall score of sustainable development goals in SAARC economies. Secondly, globalization reduces ecological footprint and increases overall score of SDG. Finally, economic growth increases ecological footprint and reduces overall score of SDG. These observations are aligned with PCSE, FGLS and Driscoll-Kraay estimation at 1% level of significance. Further, a significant number of explanatory variables have a unidirectional relationship on ecological footprint and overall score of SDG except renewable energy consumption. Further as revealed by the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test which indicates a need to take action in order to improve overall score of SDG and mitigate ecological footprint SAARC economies to harness renewable energy resources through investment on R&D and green technologies in substantial manner.
The Paradox of Progress: Energy, Emissions, and the Human Development Index in Bangladesh
As one of the world's most climate-vulnerable and rapidly developing nations, Bangladesh faces the urgent task of advancing human development while addressing environmental damage. Designing effective policy requires a clear understanding of what drives its Human Development Index (HDI). This study investigates the dynamic effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, electricity access, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and population on the HDI in Bangladesh using data from the World Bank from 1991 to 2023. By using the ARDL bounds testing method, a stable long-run cointegrating relationship was confirmed. The long-run findings are cross-checked for robustness using FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR. This study finds that in the long run, a 1% increase in emissions corresponds to a 0.33% rise in the HDI, showing that development continues to rely on carbon-intensive activities. However, the study also finds that a 1% increase in electricity access is linked to a 0.13% fall in the HDI. This suggests that the environmental externalities of the current fossil-fuel-dependent energy infrastructure may be harming the overall quality of life. The short-run dynamics are complex, characterized by oscillating effects from the explanatory variables and an extremely rapid adjustment to equilibrium (ECT = -0.990). Policy efforts should therefore focus on decoupling human development from emissions by accelerating the transition to renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. These insights are vital for guiding Bangladesh toward achieving its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 3, 4, 7, and 13) and can serve as a model for other developing nations navigating similar challenges. By implementing evidence-based policies, Bangladesh can achieve balanced development, positioning the country as a leader in sustainable development within the region.
Digital Financial Inclusions for Sustainable Growth: Employing Natural Resources through Digital Governance
Digital financial inclusion (DFI) initiatives have transformed the economy and environment by providing previously underbanked regions with enhanced access to banking, payment processing, and other financial services. This study analyses the correlations among DFI, GDP growth, and ecological sustainability, using the rapid expansion of digital finance in China as a case study. The research used econometric models to examine the impact of DFI on GDP growth and CO₂ emissions, including factors such as renewable energy adoption, industrial efficiency, and trade patterns. This purpose employs panel data from many national and international sources. The results demonstrate that reduced carbon intensity and improved economic inclusion correlate with heightened DFI penetration. Improved resource allocation, less travel for transactions, and increased green investment flows contribute to lower carbon intensity. The results suggest that DFI may fulfil climate action goals while promoting equitable growth, benefiting policymakers aiming to include financial innovation in sustainable development plans.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Regulation on Maritime Sector: Evidence from a Growth Seeking Economy
The study investigated the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI), environmental regulation on the maritime sector in a growth seeking economy. Data from 2005 to 2023 were used in the study, which were estimated using the error correction technique. The findings showed that environmental regulations negatively affect maritime gross domestic product (GDP) in both the short and longrun. The overall economic activities support maritime GDP both in the long run and the short run. Foreign Direct Investment has no short-term and long run impact. There is a strong adjustment mechanism ensuring maritime GDP realigns with its long-term equilibrium after a shock in the short-term based on the error correction term. The study recommends, based on the findings, that the execution of environmental regulations by policymakers should be gradual. Secondly, they should enhance the utilization of FDI, especially for the maritime sector of the economy. Thirdly, they should make a long-term plan focusing on sustainable environmental practices, capacity building, and technological advancement is critical for the maritime sector's growth and resilience.
The Impact of Digital Finance in G20 Economies on Environmental Protection, Energy Transition Policy, and Technological Innovation
The study investigates the complex relationship between green development and digital finance, first emphasizing China and a subsequent extension to the G20 nations. Using qualitative and quantitative methods to examine provincial data from 2015 to 2023, the research shows how digital money may promote ecologically sustainable development. It highlights the importance of education, economic structure, research and development, and governmental initiatives in boosting the alignment between digital finance and sustainability while identifying regional variations and threshold effects. The interaction of digital finance with technological innovation, environmental protection, and energy transition policy across G20 nations was thoroughly analyzed, providing insightful viewpoints for sustainable development. The study’s quantitative analysis reveals that digital finance has a statistically significant positive impact on technological innovation and environmental sustainability in G20 economies. Empirical results indicate a 0.163% increase in green development for every 1% rise in digital finance adoption. Findings further highlight regional disparities, emphasizing the need for policy-driven financial inclusion strategies. In addition, the study offers practical suggestions for using digital finance to promote technological innovation, environmental preservation, and the creation of energy transition policies within the framework of the G20. Ultimately, the study emphasizes how urgent it is for stakeholders and governments to incorporate digital finance strategies with sustainable development goals, especially in light of international climate agreements, to create a more just, resilient, and ecologically sustainable future.
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Role of AI Innovation, Clean Energy and Digital Economy towards Net Zero Emission in the United States: An ARDL Approach
The current paper investigates the influences of AI innovation, GDP growth, renewable energy utilization, the digital economy, and industrialization on CO2 emissions in the USA from 1990 to 2022, incorporating the ARDL methodology. The outcomes observe that AI innovation, renewable energy usage, and the digital economy reduce CO2 emissions, while GDP expansion and industrialization intensify ecosystem damage. Unit root tests (ADF, PP, and DF-GLS) reveal heterogeneous integration levels amongst components, ensuring robustness in the ARDL analysis. Complementary methods (FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR) validate the results, enhancing their reliability. Pairwise Granger causality assessments identify strong unidirectional connections within CO2 emissions and AI innovation, as well as the digital economy, underscoring their significant roles in ecological sustainability. This research highlights the requirement for strategic actions to nurture equitable growth, including advancements in AI technology, green energy adoption, and environmentally conscious industrial development, to improve environmental quality in the United States.
Enhancing Green Economy with Artificial Intelligence: Role of Energy Use and FDI in the United States
The escalating challenge of climate change necessitates an urgent exploration of factors influencing carbon emissions. This study contributes to the discourse by examining the interplay of technological, economic, and demographic factors on environmental sustainability. This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) innovation, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), energy consumption, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in the United States from 1990 to 2022. Employing the ARDL framework integrated with the STIRPAT model, the findings reveal a dual narrative: while AI innovation mitigates environmental stress, economic growth, energy use, FDI, and urbanization exacerbate environmental degradation. Unit root tests (ADF, PP, and DF-GLS) confirm mixed integration levels among variables, and the ARDL bounds test establishes long-term co-integration. The analysis highlights that AI innovation positively correlates with CO2 reduction when environmental safeguards are in place, whereas GDP growth, energy consumption, FDI, and urbanization intensify CO2 emissions. Robustness checks using FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR validate the ARDL findings. Additionally, Pairwise Granger causality tests reveal significant one-way causal links between CO2 emissions and economic growth, AI innovation, energy use, FDI, and urbanization. These relationships emphasize the critical role of AI-driven technological advancements, sustainable investments, and green energy in fostering ecological sustainability. The study suggests policy measures such as encouraging green FDI, advancing AI technologies, adopting sustainable energy practices, and implementing eco-friendly urban development to promote sustainable growth in the USA.
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Nexus Between Financial Development and Renewable Energy Usage in Bangladesh
Utilizing renewable energy is a method to reduce climate change and address the energy sector crisis in Bangladesh. Nonetheless, the progress of the renewable energy sector depends on monetary expansion, the accessibility of financial assets, and energy costs. This study examined the short- and long-term effects of financial development on green energy usage, accounting for energy pricing and GDP expansion. In accordance with the paper's objective, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was utilized, employing data from 1990 to 2021. The results demonstrated that financial development promotes clean power utilization in Bangladesh, but energy expenses and economic growth exert a detrimental impact. This study significantly contributes to renewable energy literature and facilitates policymakers in exploring alternate energy supplies to meet the country’s increasing electricity demands.
Role of Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, Agricultural Productivity, and Urbanization Toward Achieving China’s Goal of Net-zero Emissions
An increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) is expected to raise the Earth's temperature, leading to consequences such as glacier melt, rising sea levels, changes in weather patterns, and increased frequency of droughts and hurricanes. To restrict global warming to a maximum of 1.5°C, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, emissions must be reduced by 43% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050. This investigation thoroughly examines the relationship between GDP growth, agricultural production, renewable energy use, urbanization, and CO2 emissions in China from 1965 to 2023. Employing complex econometric models, such as Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), the research delivers a thorough analysis. The results indicate a substantial inverse connection between agricultural productivity and CO2 releases, highlighting the efficacy of organic farming practices for ecological protection. Economic growth, despite its statistically small effect on pollution, highlights the necessity for ecologically sound and technologically sophisticated enhancement plans. The research underscores the significance of green power adoption in reducing CO2 emissions in China in accordance with international initiatives for ecologically friendly production. The strong association between urbanization and CO2 emissions implies difficulties in reconciling urban expansion with protecting the ecosystem. The study provides important guidance for formulating specialized green initiatives in China, aiding the country's goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2060. The report offers a framework for healthy development, highlighting the benefits of farming and clean energy while tackling the challenges posed by urbanization, as China's experiences parallel those of other rising nations. This thorough research enhances the worldwide dialogue on addressing global warming and promoting responsible growth.
Nexus Between Agriculture, Industrialization, Imports, and Carbon Emissions in Bangladesh
Global warming is a significant worldwide challenge, principally caused by the ongoing increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Confronting this dilemma necessitates inventive solutions and anticipatory actions to alleviate the consequences. This paper analyzes the influence of Bangladesh’s agriculture, industrialization, and imports on CO2 emissions to inform sustainable development strategies. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method was applied by utilizing time-series data from 1971 to 2023. The unit root tests were used to ensure the data stationarity. The results of the DOLS estimation revealed that a 1% increment in the agricultural value added would reduce CO2 pollution by 0.51% in the long run. However, a 1% increase in industrialization and imports causes higher carbon emissions in Bangladesh by 1.39% and 0.64%, respectively. The research highlights the significance of advancing green manufacturing methods, improving agricultural efficacy, and limiting imports as crucial gauges for reducing CO2 emissions and attaining ecological longevity in Bangladesh.
Specific Digitalization's Effect on Corporate ESG Performance: China's National Pilot Zone as Evidence
Companies now have to deal with increasingly complicated and wide-ranging social duties in light of the real economy's deep integration and the fast expansion of digitalization. This research builds a double-difference model and applies it to China's National Prototype Area for the Progressive Growth of the Digital Economy to empirically examine how regional digitalization affects companies' ESG performance. The data used in the analysis is from 1178 A-share listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets from 2013 to 2022. This study discovered that by increasing risk resilience, increasing the number of social contributions, and boosting corporate environmental information disclosure, regional digital construction may enhance corporate ESG performance. Furthermore, the improvement of digital construction on business ESG performance is more evident in regions where public environmental concerns are stronger. In addition, companies with higher executive environmental awareness than lower executive environmental awareness saw a greater contribution from regional digital construction to corporate ESG. In addition, this paper addresses the criticisms leveled at corporate environmental and social responsibility (ESG) by confirming that the disclosure of corporate ESG reports is driven more by corporate sustainability than by self-serving management, as measured by the company's real environmental behavior and information manipulation. Promoting businesses' active engagement in ESG practices via the potential of digital growth is crucial for developing nations.
Solid Waste Management in Lagos State, Nigeria: Evaluating the Environmental Impact and Policy Effectiveness of Waste-To-Energy Initiatives
The study examined the effectiveness of the solid waste management policy on environmental hazard and waste to energy initiatives in Lagos State, Nigeria. In line with the objectives of the study, two hypotheses were formulated. Primary and secondary data were sourced for the study. For the primary data, A survey was carried out and a structured questionnaire was used to generate information from Lagos State Ministry of Environment and Water Resources; Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA); Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA); Private Sector Partners (PSPs); Lagos Recycler Association (LAGRA) and selected representatives of the end-users across the 20 local governments and 37 Local Community Development Areas (LCDAs) in Lagos State. Regression analysis and Pearson coefficient correlation were used to test the hypotheses. All the data generated were processed through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Key informant interviews (KII) and focused group discussions (FGD) were also conducted. For the second data, information was sourced from the library, textbooks, journal articles, bulletins, the internet and policy documents. The findings of the study revealed that: solid waste disposal has a significant effect on environmental hazard reduction strategy on air pollution management in Lagos State, Nigeria; the incessant in hazard and secondly, a significant effect exists between solid waste management policy and waste-to-energy initiative. The study therefore concluded, among others that building an institutional capacity to support the waste-to-wealth and waste-to-energy initiative for effective solid waste management are driving force for promoting the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Lagos State. The government also needs to create public orientation on the need for environmental hygiene and waste disposal techniques to reduce environmental hazards and infectious diseases that may affect the plan of the state to become a mega-city.
Nexus Between Agriculture, Economy, Energy Use, and Ecological Footprint Toward Sustainable Development in Bangladesh
The primary endeavor of this research is to empirically explore the implication of agriculture, economic growth, and energy usage on the ecosystem damage in Bangladesh from 1971 to 2022. In light of this, we tested the agriculture-induced environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis incorporating ecological footprint (EF) rather than emissions because EF better illustrates environmental degradation. Our findings from the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimation confirm the validity of the EKC framework for Bangladesh. Consequently, ecological damage intensifies with economic development and is enhanced by an elevated gross domestic product (GDP). Moreover, a boost in both the agricultural value added and power consumption upsurges EF. To put it another way, utilization of energy and crop production are significant factors that affect the state of the planet. Consequently, the government ought to formulate strategies that foster long-term prosperity by promoting renewable power usage and climate-smart agriculture.
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Factors Affecting the Ecological Footprint in The United States: The Influences of Natural Resources, Economic Conditions, Renewable Energy Sources, and Advancements in Technology
Over the recent decades, there has been a lively debate over the relationship between natural assets and the ecosystem level that surrounds them. It is a well-known fact that numerous prosperous countries that are endowed with mineral assets have experienced favorable advancements in both innovations and the economy. In spite of this, the most significant problems are the ways in which sustainable power, natural resources, and technical developments in regions with plentiful ecological assets, such as the United States of America, influence the quality of the environment. This research explores the dynamic consequences of natural resources rent, technological innovation, renewable energy, and economic expansion on the ecological footprint (EF) in the United States of America from 1980 to 2021. The time period covered by this study is from 1980 to 2021. According to the results obtained through the use of the technique known as Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), the quality of the environment is improved by renewable energy sources, whereas the ecological condition is deteriorated by natural resource rents. Additionally, the findings revealed that there is a significantly favorable association between technological advancements and natural health. The findings have significant legal repercussions for legislators with reference to natural resources and technological development in the direction of biodiversity quality enrichment. These are vital progressions in sustainable development.
An Econometric Investigation of How the Usage of Non-Renewable Energy Resources Affects the Load Capacity Factor in the United States
A substantial body of studies exists regarding the consequences of significant non-renewable energy usage on ecosystem health. Nonetheless, a research deficit exists in examining the nexus within the United States by utilizing the load capacity factor (LCF) as an indicator of environmental sustainability. The current study addresses the identified research gap by employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to examine the influences of non-renewable energy use on the environmental condition of the United States, utilizing data from 1965 to 2022. This analysis delivers a deeper understanding of the long-term impacts of coal, gas, oil, and nuclear utilization on the LCF, considering the United States' significant dependence on energy derived from non-renewable energy resources. The analysis of the ARDL model reveals that a 1% rise in coal, gas, and oil adoption results in a long-term reduction of LCF of 0.14%, 0.12%, and 0.16%, respectively, and a short-term reduction of 0.12%, 0.08%, and 0.10%. However, a 1% increase in nuclear energy usage would enhance LCF by 0.02% in the short term and 0.13% in the long term. This study advocates for the increased adoption of nuclear energy through the gradual diminishment of coal, oil, and gas usage to enhance the sustainability of natural health in the United States while taking into account the social and economic ramifications of transitioning from fossil fuels.
Environmental, Financial and Energy Implications of Renewable Energy Systems
This paper explored various sustainability measures to evaluate renewable electricity generation systems, drawing from a comprehensive literature review. The metrics examined included energy payback time, greenhouse gas emissions, and electricity production costs. We found notable differences among the technologies in these areas. To enhance the assessment process, we introduced a novel figure of merit that combines greenhouse gas emissions, energy payback duration, and production costs into a single framework for ranking renewable energy sources. This approach not only facilitates clearer comparisons between technologies but also highlights the trade-offs inherent in sustainability evaluations. Our findings indicated that small hydro and wind power emerged as the most environmentally friendly electricity generation methods, reinforcing the need for a holistic evaluation in renewable energy research.
Dynamic Impacts of Sustainable Energies, Technological Innovation, Economic Growth, and Financial Globalization on Load Capacity Factor in the Top Nuclear Energy-Consuming Countries
Nuclear energy is often regarded as a very efficient method for promoting environmental sustainability. This study seeks to investigate the influence of nuclear energy, renewable energy, financial globalization, technical innovation, and economic expansion on the sustainability of the environment in the top 10 economies that consume nuclear energy. The research analyzed data from 1990 to 2020. The load capacity factor (LCF) serves as a novel indicator for ecological sustainability, elucidating the impact of human activities on ecological sustainability and the mechanisms by which nature mitigates human-induced harm. This study employed the Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method to analyze the dynamic effects of the variables being studied. The estimation results suggest that the use of nuclear and renewable energy, as well as financial globalization, contribute to environmental sustainability by raising the LCF. On the other hand, economic expansion and technological innovation negatively impact ecological sustainability as it decreases the LCF. The study suggests that the governments of the top 10 nations with the highest nuclear energy consumption should actively promote increased investment in green technology and renewable energy sources in order to attain environmental sustainability.
The Influences of Financial Development, Economic Growth, Energy Price, and Foreign Direct Investment on Renewable Energy Consumption in The BRICS
This study seeks to look into the effects of financial development, economic growth, consumer price index (CPI), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on renewable energy utilization. The investigation applied the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methodology by using yearly time-series data from 1990 to 2022 for the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The empirical results show an upward trend involving financial development and the use of renewable energy, suggesting that financial development precedes the uptake of renewable energy. In a similar vein, there are noteworthy positive associations found between the CPI and economic growth when renewable energy is used. Furthermore, a surprising link between direct investment and the use of renewable energy is also revealed by our research. These findings offer insightful information about the factors influencing the use of renewable energy in the BRICS nations. From a policy standpoint, the results support the implementation of policies that encourage the uptake of clean technology in conjunction with strong efforts to promote the adoption and exploitation of renewable energy sources. Such actions can promote economic expansion and help the BRICS economies meet their sustainability and low-carbon commitments. The adoption of renewable energy in the examined bloc can be made even more cost-effective by taking practical measures, such as feed-in tariffs and subsidies. By providing evidence-based insights, this study advances the worldwide fight against climate change and the quest for affordable and sustainable energy.
Assessing the Impact of Carbon Emission, Health Expenditure, IMR and GDP On Life Expectancy in India: Using Cointegration Approach
The present study seeks to find out the impact of carbon emission, economic growth, infant mortality rate, and health expenditure on life expectancy as a measure of health in the Indian context for the period of 2000 to 2020. This paper uses ADF and KPSS tests to check data stationarity and the ARDL model to check cointegration among the aforementioned variables. ARDL test confirms cointegration between the variables and establishes a long-run impact of carbon emissions, infant mortality rate (IMR), health expenditure, and economic growth on life expectancy in India. The study confirms the nexus between life expectancy and carbon emission. It also indicates a positive relationship between life expectancy and economic growth. Further, the negative value of the cointegration coefficient reveals the convergence of the model which means the model is stable. The study shows a way for policymakers to design policies that reduce carbon emissions through the use of green and sustainable energy which can help in the improvement of health indicators. It can act as a torch-bearer for policymakers while formulating policies related to health and the environment.
The role of green energy, globalization, urbanization, and economic growth toward environmental sustainability in the United States
The subject of global climate change is of great concern due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2). The United States ranks as the second-largest contributor to CO2 emissions globally, accounting for almost 15% of the total global emissions. The primary contributor to the United States' emissions is the combustion of fossil fuels to generate power, provide heat, and facilitate transportation. Nevertheless, the United States intends to decrease emissions by substituting fossil fuels with ecologically sustainable green energy sources. This study aims to analyze the effects of green energy consumption, economic growth, globalization, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in the United States. It utilizes annual time series data from 1970 to 2022. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) predictions indicate that a 1% increase in green energy and globalization would result in a reduction in CO2 emissions by 0.44% and 0.61% in the short term, and by 0.76% and 1.45% in the long term. Nevertheless, there is a direct correlation between a 1% rise in economic growth and urbanization and a corresponding increase in CO2 emissions. Specifically, in the short-term, CO2 emissions increase by 0.59% and 0.56%, while in the long-term, the increase is 0.29% and 0.20%. The findings validate the urgent need for a higher proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix. To achieve this, it would be necessary to promptly increase the renewable portfolio standards besides implementing additional aggressive cleaner energy goals. Furthermore, it is imperative to advocate for the promotion of sustainable trade performance besides fostering global partnerships with different nations to facilitate the development of collaborative research initiatives, sharing of specialized knowledge, and stimulation of innovation in the fields of green energy and sustainable practices.
Antecedents of Green Consumption Behavior: A Mediated Moderation through Environmental Attitude and Price Sensitivity
Green consumption studies have greatly advanced in recent years. This study investigates the factors affecting green consumption behavior in Lebanon. These factors include environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility, and environmental attitude. Moreover, this study analyzes the mediate effect of environmental attitude as well as the moderate effect of price sensitivity on the relationship between the examined variables. To achieve the current research objectives, the current research uses a quantitative research method by analyzing data from 310 respondents. The findings of this study reveal a positive effect of environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility, and environmental attitude on green consumption behavior. The findings also reveal that environmental attitude partially mediates the relationship among the examined variables. Likewise, the results show that price sensitivity negatively moderates the relationship between environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility, and green consumption behavior. This study enhances marketing literature and guides marketers about the crucial factors influencing green consumption behavior.
The influence of Information and Communication Technologies, Renewable Energies and Urbanization toward Environmental Sustainability in China
The smart cities strategy is crucial to safeguarding the environment, which is possible with the help of renewable energy and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Therefore, this research investigates the effect of ICT, green energy or renewable energy, urbanization, and economic growth (GDP) on environmental sustainability in China. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that ICT and renewable energy have an adverse and significant effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the country. It states that the rise of ICT and renewable energy increases the quality of the environment. On the other hand, urbanization and economic growth have a positive and significant impact on CO2 emissions. The result argues that large-scale urbanization decreases the quality of the environment. The research recommends that ICT diffusion, renewable energy consumption, smart urbanization, and a low-carbon economy strategy assist in achieving environmental sustainability goals.
Environmental Effects of China's Nuclear Energy within the Framework of Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis
This study investigates the environmental sway of China's nuclear energy use in the perspective of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) by using the time series data from 1993 to 2022. The study used an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulating method. One of the limitations of the study is the short range of the data although the ARDL method perfectly applicable for the dataset with a short range. The findings of empirical research support that the PHH does not apply to China, meaning that foreign direct investment significantly impacts environmental results. Moreover, empirical findings confirmed the helpful impact of nuclear energy in reducing pollutants. Furthermore, the outcome confirms the EKC theory in the Chinese context, suggesting that increasing economic expansion may decrease emission levels in the future. Higher economic growth and increased foreign investment in nuclear energy generation are expected to improve environmental excellence by decreasing carbon emissions.
Environmental Sustainability in France: The Role of Alternative and Nuclear Energy, Natural Resources, and Government Spending
The worldwide community is worried due to various ecological modifications. The change of climate, desertification, logging, coastal erosion, overfishing, loss of biodiversity, and soil resource depletion are all causes that contribute to ecological harm. Quite a few observers have pointed out that these problems add up to substantial alterations to Earth's surface brought about by human activity. Using the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), this investigation analyzes the influences of alternative energy resources and natural resources alongside government spending on France's ecological sustainability throughout 1990-2021. Long-run estimates are calculated with completely modified least squares (FMOLS), and the empirical analysis's robustness is examined with dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). Long-term estimations show an opposing association concerning carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with renewable and nuclear energies, natural resources, and government spending, whereas a positive liaison between CO2 emissions with economic development. However, CO2 emissions have a negative association with the square of economic progression, lending credence to EKC. As the economy grows, environmental sustainability declines. In the long run, EKC will help the environment progress for the better. Implications for policy, research gaps, and future directions are discussed to round out the study.
A Theoretical Framework for Modeling Carbon Emission Allowance Prices: Stochastic Differential Equations in Continuous Time
This paper establishes a theoretical framework to model carbon allowance pricing dynamics using advanced stochastic calculus. A continuous-time approach is adopted to formulate Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) without relying on empirical data. The price process is represented as a multifractional Brownian motion to capture irregular fluctuations. The drift term incorporates market demand, regulatory impacts, and economic variables through an abstract functional operator. The volatility term contains a Hermite chaos expansion coupled with Malliavin derivatives. Derivations utilize concepts from anticipative calculus, fractional calculus, and functional analysis to attain mathematical sophistication. Theoretical insights into market dynamics and price determinants are provided by synthesizing economic theories and environmental considerations. Overall, the paper offers a mathematically rigorous foundation for understanding carbon market interactions, with implications for further theoretical advancements in environmental economics modeling.
Green Bonds and the Financial Revolution: Facilitating the Shift Towards a Sustainable Future
This study provides a comprehensive review of academic and industry literature on green bonds, analyzing their emergence, evolution, mechanisms, impacts, and future prospects. As specialized fixed-income instruments financing environmental and climate-aligned projects, green bonds have experienced exponential growth, transforming sustainable finance. The study elucidates the drivers catalyzing the green bond market’s expansion, including heightened environmental awareness, investor demand, and supportive regulations. It explores green bonds’ roles in funding renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, and impactful corporate initiatives. The environmental, social, and economic benefits of green bonds are highlighted, from emissions reductions to innovation spillovers. Challenges surrounding definitions, costs, liquidity, and impact measurement are discussed. The review finds that despite limitations, green bonds hold transformative potential to mobilize finance towards sustainability goals. Continued growth, standardization, and innovative applications can further solidify green bonds as essential instruments financing the global transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient future.
The Influence of Agriculture, Renewable Energy, International Trade, and Economic Growth on India's Environmental Sustainability
Agriculture significantly contributes to the economic growth of many developing nations, while energy policies aimed at combating climate change play a crucial role in bolstering this growth. This paper examines the relationship between agriculture, renewable energy, trade openness, and economic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India from 1965 to 2022. The unit root tests confirmed the stationarity of the data, and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing confirmed a long-run relationship among variables. The results of the ARDL long-run elasticities indicate that a 1% increase in agriculture productivity and trade openness led to a respective increase in CO2 emissions of 0.42% and 0.20%, respectively. In addition, a slight increase in usage of renewable energy was found to have a positive impact on reducing CO2 emissions, while economic growth also contributed to a small decrease in emissions. The findings confirmed the validity of the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) alongside the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of India. The findings suggest that implementing renewable energy usage, low-carbon economy, and trade reforms, along with robust environmental policies that minimize CO2 emissions, can contribute to the development of the agriculture sector and green economy.
Renewable Energy and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria: A Case Study of Rivers State (2000 to 2022)
Using the years 2000 to 2022, this research looks at renewable energy and sustainable economic growth in the Nigerian state of Rivers. This study utilized a survey methodology to collect data from the whole population of Rivers state. A total of 318 people from each of the three senatorial districts filled out the survey, and the researchers used the Taro Yamane formula to determine that a sample size of 400 was appropriate. With a mean criteria of 3.0, the statistical tools of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were used to analyze the study's research topics. Reviewing the effects of renewable energy on long-term economic growth in Rivers State, we find that it helps with energy efficiency, keeps socioeconomic development going, lowers emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollution, and climate change, and raises living standards. Lack of renewable energy policy implementation, insufficient investor attraction mechanisms, insufficient technology, insufficient renewable energy developers, insufficient credit facilities accessible to renewable energy developers, and low renewable energy awareness are all mentioned as obstacles to the state of Rivers, Nigeria's renewable energy sector in the study. Sustainable economic development can be achieved through the use of renewable energy, according to the study. The researchers urged the government and policymakers in Rivers State, Nigeria, to train more renewable energy developers, establish credit facilities and an enabling environment for the exploitation of renewable energy, allocate funds, and make renewable energy policy.
The long-term health impacts of repeated flood events: A Review
Global flood events over the last thirty years have affected over 2.8 billion people and claimed an astounding 200,000 lives. Flood victims experience long-lasting effects on their physical and mental well-being that last for an uncertain amount of time after the incident. Secondary stressors that are indirectly related to the flood event have the capacity to worsen and prolong the health effects on impacted individuals and communities, even after the initial aftermath. These secondary stressors include social stressors like extended isolation from flooding and economic difficulties like income loss. Notably, there is a significant research vacuum regarding the effects of recurrent flooding and how it affects people's vulnerability to these secondary stressors. This thorough analysis explores research on periodic flooding, highlighting the secondary stressors that result from these occurrences. It also examines the study populations' awareness, readiness, and resilience in order to estimate the possible effects of secondary stressors on these communities. The review's conclusions highlight the substantial effects that secondary stressors in the economic, social, and psychological domains have on communities in both developed and developing countries, both rural and urban. Even though the majority of communities are fundamentally aware of the risk of flooding, many residents do not take this risk seriously, which leads to a lack of proactive measures. Research has indicated that there is greater community resilience in developing country urban and rural areas as well as in developed country rural areas. Subsequent investigations ought to thoroughly examine the various secondary stressors that impact communities and investigate tactics to mitigate their effects, with the ultimate goal of augmenting community resilience.
Application of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model to Forecast Electricity Consumption for Nigeria
The electricity demand relative to supply has increased in the developed and developing economies. Hence, forecasting adequate electricity supply plays a crucial role in driving economic production activities and growth. This is so because electricity supply in relation to demand is vital for future energy planning and policy formulation. Thus, this study employed the Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and data on electricity consumption from 1971 to 2014. The result indicates that the ARIMA (1, 1, 2) model is adequate for forecasting and modelling electricity consumption in Nigeria in the short run. Based on this finding, we recommended that researchers and policymakers employ the ARIMA (1, 1, 2) model when forecasting electricity supply in Nigeria.
Analyzing the Mediating Role of Corporate Environmental Proactiveness in the Association between Environmental Orientation and GSCM: A Deductive Research Approach
The study aimed to examine the mediating role of corporate environmental proactiveness in the association between environmental orientation and GSCM, with findings indicating that corporations and firms' proactiveness in achieving environmental sustainability contributes to improvements in their environmental orientation and GSCM; the analysis, conducted with a sample size of 50 firms using Smart PLS software, revealed that the mediating role of corporate environmental proactiveness enhances a company's ability to implement GSCM, suggesting that firms must take significant steps such as decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, generating less waste, using less energy and water, and promoting sustainable business practices throughout their supply chain; moreover, the results affirmed that environmental proactiveness holds significance as it provides financial and environmental advantages, implying that companies adopting a proactive approach to environmental sustainability can lower operational costs by using less energy, producing less trash, and utilizing resources more effectively.